Pengaruh Jumlah Tawas terhadap Hasil Pewarnaan Dylon pada Bulu Entok sebagai Aksesoris Headpiece

  Tawas adalah garam rangkap aluminium sulfat, yang dipakai untuk menjernihkan air atau campuran bahan celup. Tawas memiliki ciri kristal putih gelap, tembus cahaya, bersifat menguatkan warna. Zat tersebut digunakan sebagai mordan dalam penggunaan zat warna sintetis dylon. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hasil jadi pewarnaan dylon dan adanya pengaruh jumlah tawas terhadap hasil pewarnaan pada bulu entok sebagai aksesoris headpiece. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen. Variabel bebas pada penelitian ini adalah jumlah tawas seberat 5 gram/liter, 10 gram/liter dan 15 gram/liter. Variabel terikat pada penelitian ini adalah hasil pewarnaan. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, yang diolah dengan metode analisis statistik anava tunggal dengan bantuan SPSS 21 dengan taraf signifikan α ≤ 0,05. Hasil analisis data menyatakan bahwa hasil pewarnaan dylon pada aspek kerataan warna  dan ketajaman warna dengan jumlah tawas 5 gram/liter dalam kategori tidak baik, jumlah tawas 10 gram/liter dalam kategori baik dan jumlah tawas 15 gram/liter dalam kategori sangat baik. Ada pengaruh jumlah tawas 5 gram/liter, 10 gram/liter, 15 gram/liter terhadap hasil pewarnaan dylon ditinjau dari aspek kerataan warna dengan signifikan α= 0,00 dan aspek ketajaman warna dengan signifikan α= 0,00. Berdasarkan dari hasil analisis data dan pembahasan dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil jadi pewarnaan dylon pada bulu entok sebagai aksesoris headpiece dengan jumlah tawas 15 gram/liter sangat baik dan terdapat pengaruh jumlah tawas terhadap hasil pewarnaan dylon pada bulu entok sebagai aksesoris headpiece ditinjau dari aspek kerataan warna dan ketajaman warna.   Kata Kunci : jumlah tawas, pewarnaan, dylon, bulu entok, aksesoris headpiece. &nbsp

The scaling infrared DSE solution as a critical end-point for the family of decoupling ones

Both regular (the zero-momentum ghost dressing function not diverging), also named decoupling, and critical (diverging), also named scaling, Yang-Mills propagators solutions can be obtained by analyzing the low-momentum behaviour of the ghost propagator Dyson-Schwinger equation (DSE) in Landau gauge. The asymptotic expression obtained for the regular or decoupling ghost dressing function up to the order ${\cal O}(q^2)$ fits pretty well the low-momentum ghost propagator obtained through the numerical integration of the coupled gluon and ghost DSE in the PT-BFM scheme. Furthermore, when the size of the coupling renormalized at some scale approaches some critical value, the PT-BFM results seems to tend to the the scaling solution as a limiting case.Comment: Presented in QCSHS09; Madrid (Spain), 30 Aug. 201

Active Microrheology of Networks Composed of Semiflexible Polymers. II. Theory and comparison with simulations

Building on the results of our computer simulation (ArXiv cond-mat/0503573)we develop a theoretical description of the motion of a bead, embedded in a network of semiflexible polymers, and responding to an applied force. The theory reveals the existence of an osmotic restoring force, generated by the piling up of filaments in front of the moving bead and first deduced through computer simulations. The theory predicts that the bead displacement scales like x ~ t^alfa with time, with alfa=0.5 in an intermediate- and alfa=1 in a long-time regime. It also predicts that the compliance varies with concentration like c^(-4/3) in agreement with experiment.Comment: 18 pages and 2 figure

Routes and mechanisms of extracellular vesicle uptake

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small vesicles released by donor cells that can be taken up by recipient cells. Despite their discovery decades ago, it has only recently become apparent that EVs play an important role in cell-to-cell communication. EVs can carry a range of nucleic acids and proteins which can have a significant impact on the phenotype of the recipient. For this phenotypic effect to occur, EVs need to fuse with target cell membranes, either directly with the plasma membrane or with the endosomal membrane after endocytic uptake. EVs are of therapeutic interest because they are deregulated in diseases such as cancer and they could be harnessed to deliver drugs to target cells. It is therefore important to understand the molecular mechanisms by which EVs are taken up into cells. This comprehensive review summarizes current knowledge of EV uptake mechanisms. Cells appear to take up EVs by a variety of endocytic pathways, including clathrin-dependent endocytosis, and clathrin-independent pathways such as caveolin-mediated uptake, macropinocytosis, phagocytosis, and lipid raft-mediated internalization. Indeed, it seems likely that a heterogeneous population of EVs may gain entry into a cell via more than one route. The uptake mechanism used by a given EV may depend on proteins and glycoproteins found on the surface of both the vesicle and the target cell. Further research is needed to understand the precise rules that underpin EV entry into cells

Comparing interferon-gamma release assays with tuberculin skin test for identifying latent tuberculosis infection that progresses to active tuberculosis : systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Timely and accurate identification of people with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is important for controlling Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB). There is no gold standard for diagnosis of LTBI. Screening tests such as interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs) and tuberculin skin test (TST) provide indirect and imperfect information. This systematic review compared two types of IGRAs QuantiFERON®-TB Gold In-Tube test (QFT-GIT) and T-SPOT.TB with TST for identification of LTBI by predicting progression to a diagnosis of active TB in three subgroups: children, immunocompromised people, and those recently arrived from countries with high TB burden. Methods Cohort studies were eligible for inclusion. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and other databases from December 2009 to June 2015. One reviewer screened studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias with cross checking by a second reviewer. Strength of association between test results and incidence of TB was summarised using cumulative incidence ratios (CIRs with 95% CIs). Summary effect measures: the ratio of CIRs (R-CIR) with 95% CIs. R-CIRs, were pooled using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using Chi-squared and I2 statistics. Results Seventeen studies, mostly of moderate or high risk of bias (five in children, 10 in immunocompromised people, and two in those recently arrived) were included. In children, while in two studies, there was no significant difference between QFT-GIT and TST (≥5 mm) (pooled R-CIR = 1.11, 95% CI: 0.71, 1.74), two other studies showed QFT-GIT to outperform TST (≥10 mm) in identifying LTBI. In immunocompromised people, IGRA (T-SPOT.TB) was not significant different from TST (≥10 mm) for identifying LTBI, (pooled R-CIR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.65, 1.58). The forest plot of two studies in recently arrived people from countries with high TB burden demonstrated inconsistent findings (high heterogeneity; I2 = 92%). Conclusions Prospective studies comparing IGRA testing against TST on the progression from LTBI to TB were sparse, and these results should be interpreted with caution due to uncertainty, risk of bias, and unexplained heterogeneity. Population-based studies with adequate sample size and follow-up are required to adequately compare the performance of IGRA with TST in people at high risk of TB